当四川外国语大学教授胡安江质疑西方世界翻译中国文学，究竟是翻译“文学”，还是翻译“中国”时，他实际上要阐明的一个基本事实是，文学翻译并不只是一个简单的文学问题，也不是一个只要跨越语言障碍就能解决的问题，而是一个同时受制于文学之外诸多因素影响的综合问题。

When the Sichuan foreign language university professor Hu Anjiang questioned the western world China translation literature, what is the translation of "Literature", or "Chinese translation", a basic fact that he actually wants to clarify is that literary translation is not only a simple literature is not a problem, as long as the across language barriers can solve the problem, comprehensive but a while subject to many factors besides literature.胡安江是在日前于上海师范大学举行的“首届外国文学与文学翻译研究新思路青年学者峰会”上做这一表示的。在他看来，就中译外而言，在语言的表象之外，深藏的是各类赞助人体系与各种利益之间的互动与博弈。“西方文学系统内外的专业人士、各类赞助人，以及主流意识形态、主流诗学、权力势差、文化失衡等多种因素，在很大程度上操纵着西方读者阅读中国现当代文学的兴趣。”Hu Anjiang is doing this at the Shanghai Normal University said in the day before at the first foreign literature and literary translation of new ideas for young scholars summit. In his view, in Chinese and foreign translation, in the appearance of language, what is hidden is the interaction and game between various patronage systems and various interests. "Outside the western literary system professionals, all kinds of patronage, a variety of factors and the mainstream ideology and poetics, the power of potential difference, cultural imbalance and so on, to a great extent the manipulation of Chinese reading of contemporary literature of Western readers interest."由此，我们不难理解何以如胡安江所言，海外的商业出版社在选择翻译中国现当代文学作品时，总是青睐那些在他们看来能反映中国现实的作品；何以从传播与接受的现实考虑与市场推广出发，英语世界总是有意识地发掘并放大符合西方主流文学传统的“寓言反讽”和“伦理写作”等叙事手法。“他们那么做，显然是在以种种‘变形记’，拉近中国文学与西方读者之间的审美距离。”Thus, it is not difficult to understand why such as Hu Anjiang said, the overseas commercial publishing house in the works of modern and contemporary literature translation Chinese, always in favor of those in their opinion can reflect the reality of the work Chinese; why spread from reality and consider accepting and marketing of the English world always consciously explore and enlarge the traditional the fable "irony" of western mainstream literature and "ethical narrative writing" etc.. "They did that, obviously, in order to narrow the aesthetic distance between Chinese literature and Western readers."这在某种意义上也因为，如胡安江所说，因为历史原因形成的，根深蒂固的对中国的误解与偏见，使得西方读者比较依赖中国文学作为了解中国的文献资料，从而对文学做“政治化”与“伦理化”的解读。“也因为此，如何让中国文学在外译过程中回归文学的‘正途’，或许是我们在文学‘走出去’进程中需要认真思考的重大理论问题之一。”This is in some sense because, as Hu Anjiang said, because of historical reasons, misunderstanding and prejudice to the Chinese ingrained, makes the Western readers understand Chinese China depend more on the literature as literature, interpretation and "political" and "ethics" in literature. "Because of this, how to make China literature in translation process regression literature 'way', perhaps we in the literature of" going out "in the process of one of the major theoretical issues need to consider carefully."目前最需要努力的是，培养西方世界对中国文学的兴趣What is most needed now is to cultivate interest in Chinese literature in the western world话虽如此，目前西方世界对中国文学的了解，就如美国汉学家桑禀华坦承的那样，在美国提到中国作家，连美国知识分子可能也只知道一两个人，比如莫言。“纸托邦”（paper Republic）创始人、美国翻译家阿布汉森则表示，虽然中国人非常急迫地向外推广本土文学，但海外从出版社、媒体、学者到普通读者，大部分读者对于中国文学一无所知。“这不是抵制，也不是不喜欢，就是一个空白。”Nevertheless, at present the western world of literature China understanding, as the intrinsic American Sinologist sang Hua admits that mentioned China writers in the United States, even the American intellectuals could only know that one or two people, such as Mo Yan. Paper "Utopia" (paper Republic), founder of the American translator Abrahamsen said, although Chinese very urgent to promote the native literature, but from the Overseas Press, media and scholars to ordinary readers, most readers for Chinese absolutely ignorant of literature. "This is neither a boycott nor a dislike. It is a blank."问题是既然中国已经成为世界第二大经济体，中国的综合国力已经提升到了别国无法忽视的程度，为何西方世界并没有急着去填补这个空白？之所以有这样的疑问，是因为如胡安江所说，我们忽视了一个基本的事实，那就是一个国家的文学在世界文学多元系统中的地位，与其经济地位改善与否并没有直接的关系。“拉美文学难道不是众所周知的这方面极其典型的反证吗？”The problem is that since China has become the world's second largest economy, China's overall national strength has risen to the point where other countries can not afford to ignore it. Why does the west not rush to fill the gap? The reason for this question is because, as Hu Anjiang said, we ignore a basic fact, that is the position of a country in the world literature in the literary polysystem, improve its economic status or not and there is no direct relationship. Is Latin American literature not wellreports longeffort. This does not mean that translation will do nothing until the interest of Chinese literature is aroused in the western world. On the contrary, it should be a simultaneous thing. The question is how to make translation effective正如胡安江所说，在翻译行为所指向的“策略抉择”方面，摆在翻译者面前，历来有“异化”和“归化”两种选择。从民族感情和本国人民的接受度来看，“异化”看似更理想的选择。从我国目前的中译外来看，我们也的确更多走了“异化”翻译的路。“我们抱着‘忠实’与‘充分性’的美好‘译’愿，致力于传播‘原汁原味’的‘中国声音’。但‘译’愿归‘译’愿，效果却是不如人意的。”As Hu Anjiang said, in terms of the "strategic choice" in translation, there are two choices of "Foreignization" and "domestication" in front of the translator. From the perspective of national feelings and the acceptance of their own people, "alienation" seems to be a better choice. As far as China is concerned, it is true that we have taken a "foreignizing" approach to translation. "We hold the" good faith "and the" full "of the good translation, willing to spread the" original flavor "of the" Chinese voice ". But the translation is willing to be translated, but the effect is not satisfactory."有了这样的对照，在胡安江看来，那种关注目标读者“可接受性”、缩短对象国受众与翻译文本心理距离的“本土化”的归化翻译，即所谓“用目标读者听得懂的语言来讲述本国故事”的策略，才是文化外译之首选。胡安江举例表示，即使是美国学者劳伦斯·韦努蒂那样的“异化派”斗士，也不得不承认：绝大多数出版商、书评者和读者认可的译本，无论是诗歌还是散文，小说还是非虚构，都是那些读起来流畅的文本。换言之，好的翻译应该不是“翻译”，而是“原创”。With this control, in Hu Anjiang's view, the kind of attention to the target readers "acceptability", target audience and shorten the psychological distance of the translated text "localization" of translation, the so"Da", in Xie Tianzhen's view, is to let the translator's translation in the best form, in the context of translation received, spread, and have an impact. "This is the meaning of" Da "and also the essence of translation."   正是在这个意义上，上海师范大学教授郑克鲁强调，虽然翻译研究不能替代翻译实践，但翻译研究依然是很有必要的，因为对翻译会有一定的指导作用。同时如上海师范大学教授朱振武所说，在翻译研究上，我们要有充分的文化自觉。“我们要在学习吸纳一切世界文化的基础上，打造自己的翻译理论，而不是过度依赖甚至套用西方文论，让自己处于严重失语状态。”It is in this sense, Shanghai Normal University professor Zheng Kelu stressed that although translation studies cannot replace the practice of translation, but translation studies is still very necessary, because there will be a guiding role in translation. At the same time, as Zhu Zhenwu, a professor at Shanghai Normal University, said, "in translation studies, we should have full cultural awareness.". "We should build up our own translation theories on the basis of learning and absorbing all the world cultures, rather than relying too heavily on Western literary theories to keep ourselves in a state of serious aphasia."而基于当下中国文化、文学翻译现状，上海外国语大学教授查明建倡言，我们更需要从译入语文化角度来看翻译问题。“因为翻译涉及了太多带有复杂性的问题，它不只是简单的语言转换，而是对原文某种程度上的改写，而所有的改写，都是出于意识形态的，文学的，或其他方面的意图的改写。以此看，翻译更是一种国家行为，一种共同体行为，它同时还是一种审美行为、经济行为，等等。”While the current Chinese culture, based on the status quo of literary translation, Shanghai International Studies University professor Cha Mingjian proposed that we need more translating problems from the angle of view of target language culture. "Because translation involves too much with the complexity of the problem, it is not just a simple language conversion, but to rewrite the text to a certain extent, and all rewritings, are out of ideology, literature, or other aspects of the intention of rewriting. In view of this, translation is a kind of state behavior, a community behavior, and it is also an aesthetic behavior, economic behavior, and so on."这在某种意义上提示我们不宜离开具体的文化语境来谈论翻译问题。仿如我国翻译西方文学走了从“归化”到“异化”的过程，西方世界翻译中国文学，也不可避免地会经历从翻译“中国”最终到翻译“文学”的过程，只有通过长期艰苦而卓有成效的努力，中国文学在外译过程中，才会真正回归文学的“正途”。In a sense, it suggests that we should not leave the specific cultural context to talk about translation problems. I like Chinese translation of Western literature came from "domestication" to "alienation" of the process, the western world China translation literature, inevitably will experience from "Chinese" to the final translation process of translation "Literature", and very fruitful only through arduous efforts, Chinese literature in translation process, the way will really the return of literature "".。